This section focuses on the terms and species exported and re-exported at high volumes by the EU to the rest of the world. A minimum selection threshold of 1000 units was set to allow for a manageable analysis of exports. Trade in commodities that exceeded this threshold is discussed below for both the European Union and candidate countries.
Exports exceeding 1000 units were recorded for 12 mammal, 17 bird, 18 reptile, six fish, four invertebrate and 36 plant (including four timber) taxa. Much of the high volume trade was in re-exports of non-native species. Mammals, invertebrates and plants were traded under a variety of terms, whereas high volume trade in birds was predominantly in feathers and live animals, reptiles were mainly traded as skins pieces and trade in fish was primarily in the form of caviar. An overview of the high volume trade within each group is provided below.
MammalsBirdsReptilesAmphibiansFishInvertebratesPlantsTimber
Species/higher taxa (re-)exported: 155 / 11
Families (re-)exported: 37
Species/higher taxa (re-)exported at high volumes: 11 / 1
Mammal parts and derivatives of wild origin that were (re-)exported at the highest volumes were specimens and hair. Skins, representing entire animals, were also traded at notable levels with 7,550 skins (re-)exported in 2010, >99% of which were wild-sourced.
Quantity of mammal items in trade, by term and proportion of sources, for those terms traded at volumes > 1000 units. (Source ‘W’ includes source ‘U’ and source unspecified.)
Mammal species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units (all sources) in 2010 and corresponding main EU (re-)exporter. *Indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009. Quantities were rounded to one decimal place, where applicable.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU (re-)exporter (%)
[l][i]Vicugna vicugna[/i]
II/B
[r]2575.2
[l]m2 cloth
W (99%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Lycalopex griseus*[/i]
II/B
[r]1784
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Greece (82%)
[l][i]Lycalopex gymnocercus*[/i]
II/B
[r]1031
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Germany (97%)
[l][i]Lynx rufus*[/i]
II/B
[r]1904
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Italy (73%)
[l][i]Mustela sibirica[/i]
III/D
[r]52392
[l]hair
W (100%)
[l]United Kingdom (88%)
[l][i]Callithrix jacchus[/i]
II/B
[r]4354
[l]specimens
C (69%)
[l]Germany (>99%)
[l][i]Chlorocebus aethiops[/i]
II/B
[r]30763
[l]specimens
W (99%)
[l]United Kingdom (>99%)
[l][i]Macaca fascicularis[/i]
II/B
[r]1552
[l]extract
F (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Macaca fascicularis[/i]
II/B
[r]91921
[l]specimens
W (47%); F (44%)
[l]United Kingdom (72%)
[l][i]Macaca mulatta*[/i]
II/B
[r]2383
[l]specimens
C (100%)
[l]Germany (99%)
[l][i]Elephantidae[/i] spp.
I/A
[r]1480
[l]carvings
O (66%)
[l]United Kingdom (48%)
[l][i]Elephas maximus[/i]
I/A
[r]1346
[l]carvings
U (87%)
[l]United Kingdom (95%)
[l][i]Loxodonta africana[/i]
I/A
[r]3769
[l]carvings
U (76%)
[l]United Kingdom (93%)
Overview of high volume mammal (re-)exports in 2010
- As in 2009, the principal term in trade in 2010 was specimens, of which over half (57%) were wild-sourced
- 71% of scientific specimens were Macaca fascicularis, of which 80% originated in Mauritius
- Mammal hair was also a top term in trade, the vast majority of which (>99%) was wild-sourced
- Mustela sibirica represented >99% of hair (re-)exports, all of which originated in China
- The principal importer of mammal specimens and hair was the United States (72% and >99% of the trade, respectively)
- The top two species traded as skins in 2010, Lynx rufus and Lycalopex griseus, together accounted for almost half of skin (re-)exports
- (Re-)exports of mammal skins increased by 36% between 2009 and 2010.
Species/higher taxa (re-)exported: 300 / 11
Families (re-)exported: 35
Species/hybrids/higher taxa (re-)exported at high volumes: 14 / 1 / 1
Bird terms exported at high volumes were mainly feathers and live specimens of captive bred origin.
Quantity of bird items in trade, by term and proportion of sources, for those terms traded at volumes > 1000 units. (Source ‘W’ includes source ‘U’.)
Bird species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources). * indicates taxa that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009. Quantities were rounded to one decimal place, where applicable.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Cairina moschata[/i]
III/C
[r]77257.1
[l]kg feathers
C (100%)
[l]France (100%)
[l][i]Falco[/i] hybrid
I/A
[r]1417
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]Spain (49%)
[l][i]Falco rusticolus[/i]
I/A
[r]1265
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]United Kingdom (63%)
[l][i]Lonchura oryzivora[/i]
II/B
[r]3929
[l]live
C (>99%)
[l]Netherlands (62%)
[l][i]Agapornis fischeri[/i]
II/B
[r]12446
[l]live
C (99%)
[l]Netherlands (76%)
[l][i]Agapornis personatus[/i]
II/B
[r]9761
[l]live
C (99%)
[l]Netherlands (69%)
[l][i]Alisterus scapularis[/i]
II/B
[r]1162
[l]live
C (98%)
[l]Netherlands (93%)
[l][i]Ara[/i] spp.*
I/A; II/B
[r]1000
[l]specimens
C (100%)
[l]Sweden (100%)
[l][i]Barnardius zonarius[/i]
II/B
[r]1713
[l]live
C (97%)
[l]Netherlands (88%)
[l][i]Bolborhynchus lineola[/i]
II/B
[r]1169
[l]live
C (96%)
[l]Netherlands (82%)
[l][i]Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae*[/i]
I/A
[r]1668
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]Czech Republic (93%)
[l][i]Neophema pulchella[/i]
II/B
[r]2166
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]Netherlands (85%)
[l][i]Platycercus elegans[/i]
II/B
[r]4564
[l]live
C (99%)
[l]Netherlands (62%)
[l][i]Platycercus eximius[/i]
II/B
[r]11117
[l]live
C (98%)
[l]Netherlands (57%)
[l][i]Polytelis alexandrae[/i]
II/B
[r]1285
[l]live
C (98%)
[l]Netherlands (88%)
[l][i]Polytelis swainsonii[/i]
II/B
[r]1260
[l]live
C (>99%)
[l]Netherlands (81%)
[l][i]Psephotus haematonotus[/i]
II/B
[r]11413
[l]live
C (98%)
[l]Netherlands (53%)
Box 5.2. Overview of high volume bird (re-)exports in 2010
- The principal term in trade in 2010 was live birds, of which 99% were captive-bred
- (Re-)exports of live birds increased by 14% between 2009 and 2010
- Species of the family Psittacidae represented 88% of live bird (re-)exports
- The majority of live birds were exported directly from within the EU, with the Netherlands accounting for 63% of the trade
- The top importers of live birds were Indonesia (20%), Pakistan (20%), United Arab Emirates (13%) and Lebanon (11%)
- Feathers also represented a considerable proportion of (re-)exports; all of the feathers reported by weight were of captive-bred Cairinia moschata exported directly from France
- The majority of the feather reported by weight (87%) were imported by Norway.
Species/subspecies/higher taxa (re-)exported: 130 / 7 / 7
Families (re-)exported: 22
Species/subspecies (re-)exported at high volumes: 15 / 3
The majority of reptiles exported at high volumes consisted of wild-sourced skin pieces and skins, and captive-produced extract.
Quantity of reptile items in trade, by term, for those terms traded at volumes > 1000 units. (Source ‘W’ includes source ‘U’ and source unspecified.)
Reptile species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources). * indicates species that did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i]
II/B
[r]681746
[l]skin pieces
W (99%)
[l]France (>99%)
[l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i]
II/B
[r]51857
[l]skins
W (92%)
[l]Italy (73%)
[l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i]
II/B
[r]2412
[l]tails
W (100%)
[l]France (55%)
[l][i]Alligator mississippiensis[/i]
II/B
[r]1009
[l]kg skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Caiman crocodilus crocodilus[/i]
II/B
[r]2271
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Caiman crocodilus crocodilus[/i]
II/B
[r]1747.5
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Caiman crocodilus fuscus[/i]
II/B
[r]52850
[l]skin pieces
C (>99%)
[l]France (88%)
[l][i]Caiman crocodilus fuscus[/i]
II/B
[r]6359
[l]skins
C (>99%)
[l]Spain (41%)
[l][i]Caiman yacare*[/i]
II/B
[r]2272
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (95%)
[l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i]
II/B
[r]6840
[l]skin pieces
C (72%)
[l]France (75%)
[l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i]
II/B
[r]6345
[l]skins
C (91%)
[l]France (71%)
[l][i]Crocodylus niloticus[/i]
II/B
[r]1039
[l]tails
C (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Crocodylus porosus[/i]
I/A & II/B
[r]1083
[l]skin pieces
C (70%)
[l]France (91%)
[l][i]Tupinambis merianae[/i]
II/B
[r]1776
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (77%)
[l][i]Tupinambis merianae[/i]
II/B
[r]1420
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Italy (79%)
[l][i]Tupinambis rufescens[/i]
II/B
[r]1242
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Spain (94%)
[l][i]Varanus exanthematicus*[/i]
II/B
[r]19173
[l]skins
W (98%)
[l]Spain (100%)
[l][i]Varanus niloticus[/i]
II/B
[r]27801
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]France (86%)
[l][i]Varanus niloticus[/i]
II/B
[r]18014
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]France (62%)
[l][i]Varanus salvator[/i]
II/B
[r]9754
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (83%)
[l][i]Varanus salvator[/i]
II/B
[r]6614
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Spain (56%)
[l][i]Ptyas mucosus[/i]
II/B
[r]2234
[l]skin pieces
W (100%)
[l]Italy (99%)
[l][i]Ptyas mucosus[/i]
II/B
[r]1577
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]Italy (95%)
[l][i]Python brongersmai*[/i]
II/B
[r]1933
[l]skins
W (100%)
[l]France (52%)
[l][i]Python molurus bivittatus[/i]
II/B
[r]14693
[l]skins
C (100%)
[l]Italy (77%)
[l][i]Python molurus bivittatus[/i]
II/B
[r]3270
[l]skin pieces
C (100%)
[l]Italy (>99%)
[l][i]Python molurus bivittatus[/i]
II/B
[r]1745
[l]live
C (>99%)
[l]Czech Republic (99%)
[l][i]Python reticulatus[/i]
II/B
[r]24060
[l]skins
W (60%)
[l]Italy (56%)
[l][i]Python reticulatus[/i]
II/B
[r]11265
[l]skin pieces
C (75%)
[l]Italy (64%)
[l][i]Daboia russelii[/i]
III/C
[r]60415
[l]extract
F (88%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Caretta caretta*[/i]
I/A
[r]1150
[l]specimens
W (100%)
[l]Portugal (100%)
[l][i]Testudo hermanni[/i]
II/B
[r]2232
[l]live
C (>99%)
[l]Slovenia (82%)
Box 5.3. Overview of high volume reptile (re-)exports in 2010
- As in 2009, the top term in trade in 2010 was skin pieces, of which 90% were wild-sourced
- Skins were also highly traded, the majority of which (99%) were wild-sourced
- Between 2009 and 2010, (re-)exports of skin pieces and skins increased by 72% and 40%, respectively
- The top species in trade was Alligator mississipiensis, representing 85% of trade in skin pieces and 33% of trade in skins; the vast majority were wild-sourced and originated in the United States
- The principal importer of skin pieces was Tunisia (55%), while the principal importers of skins were Switzerland (25%) and the Republic of Korea (22%).
Species (re-)exported: 23
Families (re-)exported: 2
Species (re-)exported at high volumes: 0
All exports of amphibians from the EU in 2010 comprised live specimens traded for commercial purposes, totalling 3,118 specimens; 98% of the trade was captive-bred, with 2% wild-sourced and 0.1% captive-born (source ‘F’). No individual species exceeded the 1000 unit threshold; the principal species in trade were Ambystoma mexicanum (710 animals), Epipedobates tricolor (642 animals) and Dendrobates tinctorius (579 animals).
All of the wild-sourced trade originated in Suriname, while the captive-bred specimens all originated in Sweden. The captive-born specimens primarily originated in the Netherlands (57%), the Czech Republic (22%) and Germany (20%). The principal importers of amphibians (re-)exported from the EU were the United States (60%), Japan (24%) and Canada (11%). The wild-sourced trade was imported by Japan (68%) and Switzerland (32%).
Species/higher taxa/hybrids (re-)exported: 19 / 2 / 5
Families (re-)exported: 6
Species (re-)exported at high volumes: 6
The majority of fish high volume exports consisted of eggs from captive sources.
Fish species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources). * indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009. Quantities were rounded to the one decimal place, where applicable.
Fish species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources). * indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009. Quantities were rounded to the one decimal place, where applicable.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]2940000
[l]eggs (live)
C (100%)
[l]France (92%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]100550
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]Poland (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]80113.5
[l]kg meat
C (100%)
[l]Italy (57%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]72000
[l]eggs
C (100%)
[l]Hungary (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]50400.6
[l]kg live
C (100%)
[l]France (65%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]17500
[l]fingerlings
C (100%)
[l]Hungary (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]10716.4
[l]kg caviar
C (98%)
[l]France (57%)
[l][i]Acipenser baerii[/i]
II/B
[r]1500
[l]derivatives
C (100%)
[l]France (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i]
II/B
[r]140000
[l]eggs (live)
C (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i]
II/B
[r]65000
[l]eggs
C (100%)
[l]Hungary (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i]
II/B
[r]51613
[l]kg meat
C (100%)
[l]Bulgaria (78%)
[l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i]
II/B
[r]2366.6
[l]kg caviar
C (95%)
[l]Germany (53%)
[l][i]Acipenser gueldenstaedtii[/i]
II/B
[r]2000
[l]fingerlings
C (100%)
[l]Hungary (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser naccarii*[/i]
II/B
[r]15000
[l]live
C (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser ruthenus[/i]
II/B
[r]25500
[l]eggs
C (100%)
[l]Hungary (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser transmontanus[/i]
II/B
[r]11195.1
[l]kg meat
C (100%)
[l]Italy (100%)
[l][i]Acipenser transmontanus[/i]
II/B
[r]1418.3
[l]kg caviar
C (70%)
[l]Italy (68%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]42973
[l]kg bodies
O (98%)
[l]Denmark (100%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]13641.5
[l]kg fingerlings
W (100%)
[l]France (94%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]5863.7
[l]kg live
O (93%)
[l]Spain (68%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]5355
[l]live
R (76%)
[l]Greece (100%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]3054
[l]meat
O (100%)
[l]Greece (98%)
[l][i]Anguilla anguilla[/i]
II/B
[r]1644
[l]kg meat
O (97%)
[l]Denmark (96%)
Overview of high volume fish (re-)exports in 2010
- As in 2009, the top term in trade was live eggs, all of which were captive-bred and of the order Acipenseriformes
- Acipenser baerii represented 95% of the trade in live eggs
- 88% of live eggs were exported directly from France to China
- 89% of the trade in live eggs was for commercial purposes, with the remainder for breeding
- Between 2009 and 2010, (re-)exports of live eggs increased by 31%
- Between 2009 and 2010, trade in caviar reported with no unit increased 20-fold, while trade in caviar reported by weight decreased by 81%
- >99% of the caviar reported with no unit was exported directly by Hungary, while the caviar reported by weight principally originated in Italy (33%) and Germany (29%)
- The majority (62%) of the caviar reported with no unit was imported by Viet Nam; the United States imported 32% of caviar without a unit and was the principal importer of caviar reported by weight (23% of trade).
Species/higher taxa (re-)exported: 77 / 15
Families (re-)exported: 21
Species/higher taxa (re-)exported at high volumes: 3 / 1
The vast majority of trade in invertebrates was in live specimens, with 87% of live specimens originating from captive sources (sources ‘C’ and ‘F’).
Quantity of invertebrate items in trade, by term and proportion of sources, for those terms traded at volumes >1000 units.
Invertebrate species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources).
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Hirudo medicinalis[/i]
II/B
[r]172958
[l]live
C (74%)
[l]France (69%)
[l][i]Tridacna maxima[/i]
II/B
[r]3673
[l]live
W (90%)
[l]France (90%)
[l][i]Strombus gigas[/i]
II/B
[r]2403
[l]shells
W (100%)
[l]Italy (>99%)
[l]Scleractinia spp.
II/B
[r]3300
[l]kg live
W (100%)
[l]France (100%)
[l]Scleractinia spp.
II/B
[r]3022.8
[l]kg raw corals
W (100%)
[l]Germany (82%)
Overview of high volume invertebrate (re-)exports in 2010
- As in 2009, the majority of (re-)exports in 2010 were live; compared to 2009, live (re-)exports reported with no unit increased by 17%, while live (re-)exports reported by weight decreased by 86%
- Hirudo medicinalis represented 97% of live (re-)exports reported with no unit, of which 89% were captive-produced (sources ‘C’ and ‘F’); the majority (69%) were exported directly from France, while the United States was the top importer (77% of trade)
- (Re-)exports of raw coral and live specimens reported by weight principally comprised Scleractinia spp. reported at the order level (81% and >99%, respectively), all of which was wild-sourced
- 74% of the raw coral reported by weight originated in Fiji, while >99% of the live specimens reported by weight was exported directly from France
- Live and raw coral of Scleractinia spp. reported by weight was principally imported by the United States (52%) and Switzerland (43%)
- 92% of shell (re-)exports were of Strombus gigas, all of which were wild-sourced; the majority (78%) originated in the Turks and Caicos Islands, while the principal importer was the United States (79% of trade).
Species/subspecies/hybrids/higher taxa(re-)exported: 173 / 12 / 3 /10
Families (re-)exported: 16
Species/hybrids/higher taxa (re-)exported at high volumes: 30 / 1 / 1
The majority of plants exported at high volumes consisted of live, wild-sourced specimens.
Plant species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (excluding timber, all sources, rounded to the nearest kilogram, where applicable). * indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009.
Plant species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (excluding timber, all sources, rounded to the nearest kilogram, where applicable). * indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Galanthus elwesii[/i]
II/B
[r]1520530
[l]live
W (100%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
[l][i]Galanthus nivalis*[/i]
II/B
[r]1500
[l]live
W (100%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
[l][i]Galanthus woronowii[/i]
II/B
[r]492360
[l]live
W (89%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
[l][i]Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus*[/i]
I/A
[r]1050
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Ariocarpus retusus[/i]
I/A
[r]4920
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Discocactus heptacanthus[/i]
I/A
[r]2160
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Discocactus placentiformis[/i]
I/A
[r]1120
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Escobaria minima*[/i]
I/A
[r]3120
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Strombocactus disciformis[/i]
I/A
[r]1280
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (94%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus alonsoi*[/i]
I/A
[r]3400
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus beguinii*[/i]
I/A
[r]2770
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (99%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus bonatzii*[/i]
I/A
[r]1700
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus hoferi*[/i]
I/A
[r]2400
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus laui*[/i]
I/A
[r]1920
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (98%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus lophophoroides*[/i]
I/A
[r]1900
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele*[/i]
I/A
[r]5120
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (98%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus pseudopectinatus*[/i]
I/A
[r]1720
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (99%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus roseiflorus*[/i]
I/A
[r]1420
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (99%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus*[/i]
I/A
[r]10900
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (>99%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus swobodae*[/i]
I/A
[r]2000
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (95%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus valdezianus[/i]
I/A
[r]1900
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus viereckii*[/i]
I/A
[r]1320
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (98%)
[l][i]Turbinicarpus ysabelae*[/i]
I/A
[r]1700
[l]seeds
A (100%)
[l]Malta (100%)
[l][i]Saussurea costus*[/i]
I/A
[r]2684
[l]kg roots
A (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Saussurea costus*[/i]
I/A
[r]1054
[l]kg medicine
A (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i]
II/B
[r]424517
[l]kg wax
A (100%)
[l]Netherlands (68%)
[l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i]
II/B
[r]108686
[l]wax
A (100%)
[l]France (90%)
[l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i]
II/B
[r]35342
[l]extract
A (100%)
[l]Slovenia (56%)
[l][i]Euphorbia antisyphilitica[/i]
II/B
[r]4263
[l]kg extract
A (100%)
[l]Germany (99%)
[l][i]Aniba rosaeodora*[/i]
II/B
[r]1103
[l]kg extract
A (100%)
[l]United Kingdom (91%)
[l][i]Aloe ferox[/i]
II/B
[r]55783
[l]kg extract
A (100%)
[l]Germany (46%)
[l][i]Aloe ferox[/i]
II/B
[r]1224
[l]extract
A (100%)
[l]Finland (100%)
[l][i]Aloe ferox[/i]
II/B
[r]1180
[l]kg leaves
A (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Paphiopedilum[/i] hybrid
I/A
[r]1476
[l]live
A (100%)
[l]Germany (69%)
[l][i]Paphiopedilum[/i] spp.*
I/A
[r]2663
[l]live
A (100%)
[l]Belgium (100%)
[l][i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i]
II/B
[r]8600
[l]live
W (100%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
[l][i]Cyclamen coum[/i]
II/B
[r]21645
[l]live
W (100%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
[l][i]Cyclamen hederifolium[/i]
II/B
[r]22127
[l]live
W (89%)
[l]Netherlands (100%)
Box 5.6. Overview of high volume plant (re-)exports in 2010
- As in 2009, live plants dominated (re-)exports; live re-exports increased by 8% between 2009 and 2010
- Galanthus elwesii and G. woronowii together comprised 97% of live (re-)exports
- >99% of the live trade was wild-sourced and re-exported via the Netherlands; 91% of live (re-)exports originated in Turkey
- Japan imported the majority of live plants (61%)
- As in 2009, wax was also (re-)exported in notable quantities; between 2009 and 2010, (re-)exports of wax reported by weight increased over 5-fold while (re-)exports of wax reported with no units increased 7-fold
- All wax (re-)exported was of wild-sourced Euphorbia antisyphilitica originating in Mexico and traded for commercial purposes
- All seeds (re-)exported were of Appendix I-listed species, >99% of which were of the family Cactaceae.
Species/ higher taxa (re-)exported: 12 / 1
Families (re-)exported: 7
Species (re-)exported at high volumes: 4
The majority of timber species were exported in cubic metres of timber originating in the wild.
Quantity of timber items in trade, by term and proportion of sources, for those terms traded at volumes >1000 units.
Timber species/term combinations for which EU-reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2010 (all sources). Quantities were rounded to one decimal place, where applicable.
Taxon
App./Annex
[r]Qty
[l]Description
Main source(s) (%)
[l]Main EU
[l][i]Pericopsis elata[/i]
II/B
[r]96600.9
[l]m3 timber
W (100%)
[l]Belgium (98%)
[l][i]Pericopsis elata[/i]
II/B
[r]22562.9
[l]m2 timber
W (100%)
[l]Germany (54%)
[l][i]Swietenia macrophylla[/i]
II/B
[r]2440.2
[l]m3 timber
W (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
[l][i]Prunus africana[/i]
II/B
[r]7193
[l]kg powder
W (76%)
[l]France (100%)
[l][i]Prunus africana[/i]
II/B
[r]3064.3
[l]kg extract
W (100%)
[l]Spain (91%)
[l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i]
II/B; III/C
[r]15590.2
[l]kg extract
W (98%)
[l]Germany (73%)
[l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i]
II/B; III/C
[r]1402
[l]kg oil
W (100%)
[l]France (65%)
[l][i]Bulnesia sarmientoi[/i]
II/B; III/C
[r]1168
[l]kg sawn wood
W (100%)
[l]Germany (100%)
Overview of high volume timber (re-)exports in 2010
- The top term in trade was timber reported in cubic meters, all of which was wild-sourced
- Pericopsis elata represented the majority of timber reported in cubic meters (98%) and all of the timber reported in square meters
- 98% of the P. elata timber reported in cubic meters originated in Cameroon, while all the trade reported in square meters originated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- The principal importer of timber reported in cubic meters was Singapore (96% of trade), while the United States imported 74% of the timber reported in square meters
- Bulnesia sarmientoi represented 83% of the trade in extract, all of which originated in Paraguay with 98% wild-sourced and the remainder pre-Convention
- The principal importers of extract were Switzerland and India (40% and 37 % of trade, respectively).
Candidate countries (re-)exported high volumes of reptiles, fish, invertebrates and plants in 2010. Turkey and Croatia accounted for all of the high volume (re-)exports from candidate countries, as FYR Macedonia and Iceland had not submitted an annual report for 2010 at the time of writing (July 2012) and Montenegro did not report any exports in 2010.
Species/term combinations for which candidate countries’ reported (re-)exports exceeded 1000 units in 2009. * indicates species which did not meet the high volume threshold in 2009.
| Taxon | App./Annex | [r]Qty | [l]Description | Main source(s) (%) | [l]Main EU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [l][i]Testudo graeca[/i] | II/B | [r]3275 | [l]live | C (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Anguilla anguilla*[/i] | II/B | [r]14866 | [l]bodies | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Anguilla anguilla*[/i] | II/B | [r]27250 | [l]kg live | O (100%) | [l]Croatia (100%) |
| [l][i]Hirudo medicinalis[/i] | II/B | [r]1601 | [l]kg live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Cyclamen cilicium[/i] | II/B | [r]68800 | [l]live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Cyclamen coum[/i] | II/B | [r]331400 | [l]live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Cyclamen hederifolium[/i] | II/B | [r]261350 | [l]live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Galanthus elwesii[/i] | II/B | [r]4235840 | [l]live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| [l][i]Galanthus woronowii[/i] | II/B | [r]9345795 | [l]live | W (100%) | [l]Turkey (100%) |
| Overview of high volume (re-)exports by candidate countries in 2010 |
|